Ciencia de Helios

TEORIA DE LOS EFECTOS DE LAS TORMENTAS SOLARES EN EL CAMPO ELECTROMAGNETICO TERRESTRE

High-Level Project Summary

ResumeThrough various studies and statistical data in recent years, it has been determined that events such as earthquakes or telluric movements that are not related to the so-called Poisson distribution (a distribution used in probability to determine the frequency of particular events such as earthquakes) could involve some large-scale correlation mechanism, which in turn could be internal or external to the Earth. So far, a statistically significant correlation of global seismicity with one of the possible mechanisms has not yet been demonstrated. In this paper, we analyse proton density and velocity data, as recorded by GOES satellites, as well as information provided by Space Weather L

Link to Project "Demo"

https://youtu.be/28BhxToPr-E

Link to Final Project

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1QifjtlvNzsdJ1ItaYz_m2RdkC1qVSkdH

Detailed Project Description

TITLE

Theoretical effects of solar storms on the Earth's electromagnetic field.

Resume

Through various studies and statistical data in recent years, it has been determined that events such as earthquakes or telluric movements that are not related to the so-called Poisson distribution (a distribution used in probability to determine the frequency of particular events such as earthquakes) could involve some large-scale correlation mechanism, which in turn could be internal or external to the Earth. So far, a statistically significant correlation of global seismicity with one of the possible mechanisms has not yet been demonstrated. In this paper, we analyse proton density and velocity data, as recorded by GOES satellites, as well as information provided by Space Weather Live (a website that allows us to access data tracking geomagnetic storm activity and solar activity), INTERMAGNET (a global network of observatories studying the Earth's magnetic field) and global seismicity in the corresponding period. We found a clear correlation between proton density and the occurrence of large earthquakes. The significance of this correlation is very high. The correlation increases with the magnitude threshold of the seismic catalogue. A tentative model is also proposed to better explain the correlation in terms of the electromagnetic effect of solar storms with the Earth's electric field. This result opens new perspectives in seismological interpretations, as well as a possible application in the geosciences of earthquake forecasting, and a great impact within the scientific community.

Introduction

Global seismic events do not follow a Poisson distribution, even at the local level. Many authors have proposed specific statistical distributions to describe such non-Poissonian behaviour but none of them is really satisfactory, probably because the underlying physical process is not really understood. Many authors have hypothesised that an oceanographic component may appear in seismic activity but the generalised evidence has never been tested. Recently, some authors suggested that the occurrence of earthquakes could be related to variations in the earth's rotational speed. A smaller number of researchers have also studied possible links between solar activity, electromagnetic storms and earthquakes. The first idea that sunspots could influence earthquake occurrence dates back to 1853 and is due to the great Swiss solar astronomer 〖Rudolf Wolf 〗^1. Since then, several scientists have reported some kind of relationship between solar activity and earthquake occurrence; or between global seismicity and geomagnetic variation or 〖magenitc storms 〗^2. In addition, some mechanisms have been proposed to justify such correlations: small changes induced by Sun-Earth coupling in the Earth's rotational velocity; induced currents in faults, heating them and reducing the resistance to fractionation; or increased fault stress caused by induced currents. However, none of these studies allowed a statistically significant conclusion on the likelihood of such mechanisms. On the contrary, 〖Jeffrey J.Love 〗^3argued that there is no convincing, statistically substantiated argument that solar-earth interaction favours the occurrence of earthquakes. However, the great current interest in possible interactions between earthquake occurrence and extraterrestrial (mainly solar) activity attests to this.

In this project, we will definitively establish the existence of a correlation between solar activity and global seismicity, using an extensive dataset and rigorous statistical analysis. Once this correlation has been demonstrated, we propose a tentative mechanism, for the time being qualitative, of possible sun-earthquake interaction.

Problem Statement

Among the most studied topics of scientific observations is the phenomenon known as solar storms or also called coronal mass eruptions. These processes directly affect the earth's magnetic field, causing various interactions that alter the state of certain components of the planet, causing anomalies and atmospheric phenomena. Based on satellite data, it is analyzed that there is a pattern with the geomagnetism of the earth when there are several solar events in a short period of time.

General Objective

To apply the knowledge and scientific methodology of the branches involved in the study of phenomena such as solar storms and the behavior of the geomagnetic field.

Specific objectives

Determine the impact of studies belonging to the field of geosciences, heliophysics, biological sciences.

To understand the fundamental dynamics of the earth such as tectonic shifts and atmospheric phenomena. To detail the physical connection between the Sun and the Earth, taking as a main theme the description of the events caused by solar winds and how this affects the fields studied in the Geosciences.

To give bases for the creation of a telecommunications system for the collection and processing of data focused on checking possible causes of physical phenomena in nature.

Theoretical mark

heliophysics

When the Sun is at its highest point of activity, it produces more solar flares and

CMEs. The Sun also has sun spots and contains more of these spots during the peak of solar activity.

The Sun produces the solar wind, which unfolds material towards the Solar System has violent Coronal Mass flares that launch solar material into space according to Onsanger explains that "the airlines

They work in conjunction with SWPC and use the information we give them. They can change their route so they don't lose radio communication during a space storm. " When the Sun is at its highest point of activity, it produces more solar flares and CMEs. The Sun also has sun spots and contains more of these spots during the peak of solar activity.

The Earth behaves like a giant magnet. The center is made of molten iron that moves as the Earth rotates, creating a magnetic field.

The Sun contains the solar wind that constantly sends material towards Earth. producing Coronal Mass Ejections and flashes. One factor is greenhouse gases

GEOPHYSICS

Plate tectonics is the geological process responsible for the creation of the Earth's continents, mountain ranges, and ocean basins.

Geophysics is an area of research that groups together different disciplines in charge of studying the Earth, from the point of view of physics. It includes everything related to its structure, morphology, evolution and dynamics. Within which is the Seismology that is responsible for studying earthquakes and their related phenomena, the generation, propagation and recording of elastic waves on Earth, and the sources that produce them. It is from the study of the propagation of seismic waves inside the Earth, which has made it possible to reveal the structure inside it, the areas that form it, estimate densities and elastic constants, and identify the active dynamic processes that occur.

constantly in it

Magnetoreception

There is experimental evidence that shows the existence of a magnetic sense inamphibians. Various amphibians can detect magnetic fields, and the use of magnetic field terrestrial for orientation and navigation has been demonstrated in several species; the ability of some living beings to detect the direction and sense of the magnetic field, thus obtaining information about the sense and latitude, the first animals in which this sense was discovered were homing pigeons

However, the structure and functional principles of magnetoreceptors are unknown, and our understanding of the physiological and neurobiological processes associated with magnetoreception is considerably limited. To give bases for the creation of a telecommunications system for the collection and processing of data focused on checking possible causes of physical phenomena in nature.

Conclusión

El dar una nueva alternativa para la explicación de causas en eventos geológicos nos propuso un reto pues el campo de ciencias que intervienen para explicar cierta parte de estos es muy amplio, sin embargo, debido a fenómenos que se encuentran en la naturaleza de los cuales su comportamiento ya está descrito, nos dio apertura a enfocarnos en ciertos elementos que al estudiarlos un poco más a fondo nos indicaron su relación e interacción con las propiedades del planeta tierra, para este caso el vínculo de la heliofísica y el magnetismo en combinación con las ciencias geológicas dieron paso a una nueva hipótesis que como consecuencia trajo una nueva forma de expresar las causas de la sismicidad en la Tierra

Anexos

Referencias

1) Wolf, R. Sobre el retorno periódico del mínimo de manchas solares: la concordancia entre esos períodos y las variaciones de la declinación magnética. Phi Bartlos. revista 5, 67 (1853). (Wolf, R. On the periodic return of the minimum of sun-spots: the agreement between those periods and the variations of magnetic declination. PhiBartlos. Mag. 5, 67 (1853)).

2) Bakhmutov, V. G., Sedova, F. I. y Mozgovaya, T. A. Perturbaciones geomagnéticas y terremotos en la zona de Vrancea. Izvestiya Phys. Solid Earth 43, 931–937 (2007). (Bakhmutov, V. G., Sedova, F. I. & Mozgovaya, T. A. Geomagnetic disturbances and earthquakes in the Vrancea Zone. Izvestiya Phys. Solid Earth 43, 931–937 (2007)).

3) J. J. y Thomas, J. N. Desencadenamiento insignificante solar-terrestre de terremotos. Geophys. Res. Letón. 40, 1165-1170. https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50211 (2013). (Love, J. J. & Thomas, J. N. Insignificant solar-terrestrial triggering of earthquakes. Geophys. Res. Lett. 40, 1165-1170. https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50211 (2013)).

Space Agency Data

https://www.spaceweatherlive.com/es/actividad-solar/las-50-principales-erupciones-solares/ciclo-solar/24.html https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/dscovr/portal/index.html#/vis/summary/1d/1504933200000 https://www.passcal.nmt.edu/maps/funded

https://www.spaceweatherlive.com/es/actividad-solar/ranking-de-25-regiones-de-manchas-solares/ciclo-solar/24.html http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/plot_realtime/quick/201905/index_20190514.html http://www.iris.washington.edu/seismon/zoom/?view=eveday&lon=-95&lat=18

https://www.spaceweatherlive.com/es/actividad-auroral/las-50-principales-tormentas-geomagneticas/ciclo-solar/24.html https://solarmonitor.org/index.php?date=20141027 http://www.iris.washington.edu/latin_am/evlist.phtml?region=mundo

http://umtof.umd.edu/pm/ https://es.statista.com/estadisticas/635641/terremotos-historicos-mas-fuertes-del-mundo-segun-la-escala-de-richter/

https://solen.info/solar/index.html https://www.nationalgeographic.com.es/ciencia/actualidad/todos-los-terremotos-2001-2015-solo-video_10930

https://ds.iris.edu/ieb/index.html?format=text&nodata=404&starttime=1970-01-01&endtime=2025-01-01&minmag=0&maxmag=10&mindepth=0&maxdepth=900&orderby=time-desc&src=&limit=200&maxlat=48.57&minlat=-48.57&maxlon=111.71&minlon=-111.71&caller=spanevlnk&zm=3&mt=ter

Hackathon Journey

La experimentación científica echa mano a la tecnología y a distintas áreas del saber para alcanzar el mayor grado de control y de observación de los fenómenos que replica, de modo que se pueda alcanzar una mayor y más profunda comprensión de lo que ocurre en la naturaleza

References