SIRIUS

Ankara | Discovering Science Connections

Commitment to Science

High-Level Project Summary

Space colonization has been the best stake for long-term survival. The result ofincrease of population leads to search for new planets. In other terms, colony in spaceis kind of utilization of natural resources in space beyond human spacecrafts.Spacecraft need energy source for making astronauts life better and providing energyof spacecraft electronic system. There are two main long-term energy sources: Solarpower and unstable atoms. Both produce electricity. If these two energy sources areemphasized, long-term energy can be obtained for the astronauts living and thematerials on the space stations. There must be ecosystem for human in space colony.For this, NASA and other space agenc

Link to Project "Demo"

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yb9bI0NheuU

Link to Final Project

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oNyygSL17kA

Detailed Project Description

Commitment to Science Space is a term that can relate to various phenomena in science and covers a broad range of disciplines from meteorology, to solar, planetary science, astronomy, space colonization, space exploration, space exploration tools, telescopes, drones, space communication so on. In this project, we aimed to explore many kinds of space disciplines to define importance for space science to offer new solutions for future projects related to these areas such as mentioned above. First area is space colonization. Space colonization is the best bet for long-term survival for humanity. High population, air pollution and so many diseases lead people to look for another solution. As a result of this, space colony made an important appearance for human life. Colony in space is kind of utilization of natural resources in space beyond human spacecrafts. For example, we plant plants in our settlement and it transforms the air we breathe into oxygen. We get food. Rocket Landing Site: r=15 π=3 and 625 m2 Green House: r=5 pi=3* 8*4m*3 =75 m2 + 3*32 m2 = 171m2 House: r=5 π =3 75 m2 Main Control Base= 20*40:800 m2 Image 1: Colony Activity Why We Need Greenhouse? Greenhouse is required to grow food. Greenhouses here require an Ultraviolet light thermometer and an Automatic Irrigation System. Thus, astronauts can produce their own food in space. Why we use the Solar Panels? The more electricity we need, the more solar energy we need. But solar energy can be dust on Mars. We need to be Careful What is the Main Base? It is the place where we store all the necessary items and communicate with the base in the world. Likewise, there must be a shelter in it so that we can take shelter if something dangerous happens. Houses=Required for shelter Image 2. Model of Colony Secondly, there should be energy source for spacecrafts. Long-term energy sources can be essential for many areas. But we should mention about long-term energy sources first. There are two main long-term energy sources: Solar power and unstable atoms. Solar power is the type of energy sources from Sun. Spacecrafts which orbit Earth have solar panels and they utilize solar power. These solar panels convert the Sun’s energy into electricity which is the power for Spacecrafts. Another long-term energy source is a radioisotope power system. This system uses the temperature difference between the heat from the unstable atoms and the cold of space. Thus, they produce electricity. If these two energy sources are emphasized, long-term energy can be obtained for the astronauts living in the space station and the materials on the space stations. It must be provided the ecosystem for human in space colony. Food, water, air may not always be provided by Spacecrafts. If we are going to establish a settled life, we must create an ecosystem that is provided our own food, water and air. For this, NASA and other space agencies grow fresh vegetables to feed astronauts. The advantages of growing plants are not only providing a source of nutrition to crew members but also helps to settle people into their new life outside of our planet. It also helps to remove and convert the carbon dioxide from air into essential oxygen that humans can breathe. Plant life research may have effects on spaceflight crews’ psychological situation. It is also essential for astronauts to make video calls with their families. Space talks can improve their psychological states in a way to adapt their environment in space. Moreover, growing plants provides psychological benefits to crew in the form of therapeutic people-plant interactions. Other discipline is the communication system. The communication system in the space station must be strong. Strong communication is essential to the exchange of information between Space Station and Earth, taking pictures of planets and interplanetary systems in the space and mapping the surfaces of planets. In the early years, they were communicating with radio waves. Every spacecraft has systems that receive and emit these waves. Thus, the communication with the Earth is received with the signals sent by the spacecrafts with the antennas with a large diameter on the Earth. The Deep Space Network (DSN) system, which NASA uses to communicate with all manned and unmanned spacecraft, spacecraft can stay in contact with at least one of the stations. However, the increase in the amount of data transferred requires the use of new technologies in communication systems. In recent years, the empirical studies show that laser communication is more secure than radio transmission since it is the tighter, narrow beam of data. With the radio frequency systems, it would take about nine weeks to send a complete map of Mars back to Earth. With lasers, it takes about nine days. Additionally, laser communication systems are ideal for missions in space as they require less volume, weight and power. Less mass means more space for science instruments, and less power means less use of spacecraft power systems. Therefore, NASA will develop laser systems in their next space missions, providing easier and faster access for Moon or Mars missions with less space costs. Planetary system is another science disciplined area. In our solar system, there are more planets in our solar system. The eight planets may be divided into two categories depending to their densities. The four inner, or terrestrial planets- Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. These have rocky compositions and their densities are greater. On the other hand, the four outer planets, also called the Jovian planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. They are large objects with densities less than 2 grams per cubic cm; they are composed primarily of hydrogen and helium. Scientists recognized that spacecraft could gather scientifically valuable data about the planets, moons, and smaller bodies in the solar system. Space exploration tools can be classified as Earth-based observations, air bone and orbital telescopes, robes and fly-by spacecraft, orbiters, landers, rovers, sample return. Earth Based Observations Telescopes, which are very important tools for studying planets and other celestial bodies, perhaps millions of light years away from us, have developed continuously since Galileo. In fact, thanks to space telescopes such as Hubble, which we have placed outside the atmosphere today, we have become able to observe other galaxies and even deep space. Radar technology, which is an important technology for astronomy, has developed since 1946. Radio telescopes, a product of radar technology, are an important observation and exploration tool. It is frequently used especially in determining the surface shapes of nearby celestial bodies and in mapping the planets. Since all objects above absolute zero (O Kelvin) emit radio waves, microwaves emitted by planets can be detected and information about their properties can be obtained. Airborne and orbital telescopes, The Gerard P. Kuiper Airborne Observatory is an aerial observatory. It can make observations in infrared wavelengths with the help of an airplane flying at 39,000 feet. SOFIA (The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy), started its operations in 2010. The Hubble Space Telescope, the largest atmospheric telescope sent into space, provides important information about seasonal surface changes on Mars and the characteristics of other planets. Probes and fly-by spacecraft, important space exploration instruments such as Luna 3, Ranger, Mariner 4, Pioneer and Voyager and Cassini have been developed. Orbiters, examination of planets in orbit is an extremely advantageous option in terms of regularly providing data and making observations such as Mariner 9, Viking 1 and 2, Mars Global Surveyor, Galileo, Repetitive Observations, Orbital Radar Mapping. Landers, surface vehicles are needed to make detailed observations on the surface. Surveyor, Viking, Vanera, Mars Pathfinder are examples of these tools. Rovers are needed for detailed observations and more complex missions. Sample Return Since space conditions are not yet suitable for human life, samples taken from space must be brought to earth for examination. At this point, sample return comes into play. In the future, space exploration will be completed with robotic space explorer tools. Space explorer tools can be improved with fulfill the needs of the reliable, safe and cost-effective ways. We can use these high-tech space explorer tools to detect stars, galaxies and even distant objects. in the interstellar medium, there are brightest stars, such as sirius, canopus, alpha centauri, arcturus, vega, capella, rigel, procyon. Drones are unmanned aerial vehicles which can be used for different areas. the pros of drones are faster, good scanning performs, short time analysis. they can be used as accurate data and internet providers. Meteorology is another part of our project. Radar is an observational tool in meteorology. The purpose of the NSF-NASA Space Weather Next-Generation Software for Data-Driven Space Weather Models with Quantitative Uncertainties (NSF-NASA SWQU) pilot program is to provide a predictive study of the combined evolution of the magnetized solar atmosphere and solar wind and their interaction with the Earth's magnetosphere and upper atmosphere. to transform the evolution of modelling. Networks of weather radars are good for tracking rain areas and thunderstorms. In the future, meteorologists will see storms as they pass overhead. In conclusion, space science encompasses all of the scientific areas; meteorology, solar, planetary science, astronomy, space colonization, space exploration, space exploration tools, telescopes, drones, space communication. We aimed to explain these disciplines and make arguments for some of these areas. We offered some solutions and made suggestions for future space exploration. Basically, our purpose is to make life better for humanity