Sentinelas da Amazônia

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1N4QcBD0Zgu57pEDNVK1BaTiX-BH-tftt/view?usp=sharing

https://youtu.be/144HSNNTOZM

Belém, a county located in the northern region of Brazil, is commonly reported on social media for its constant flooding, especially during periods of heavy rain.

Furthermore, the high tides, as well as the morphostructural characteristics of the city increase what happens, however, the problems of floods, inundations and flooding that occurred in the region are also directly influenced by various urban factors, such as soil sealing, occupation of land on the margins of water courses, which are made by the economically most vulnerable population, and other factors arising from the lack of planning and public policies for basic sanitation.

Problem: Flooding in the neighborhoods of the Metropolitan Region of Belém - Pará.

The flooding in Belém -

Pará is usually caused by intense and continuous rains, where the water cannot

be absorbed by the soil, due to its impermeability and other forms of runoff,

with an increase in superficial runoff, culminating in flooding.

These floods cause damage

in various spheres, leading the population living in these regions to lose

material goods, and even contract diseases such as leptospirosis, hepatitis A,

typhoid fever, bacterial diarrhea and other infections that can also spread

through flooding.

We feel motivated to solve this challenge, as there are viable alternatives to mitigate this problem of flooding, a solution that, in addition to solving this issue as important as public health and safety, would give a sustainable destination to the residue of the açaí seed, through blocks made of concrete for the final disposal of this tropical fruit so consumed in the State of Pará.

Methodology

The tools used form ARCGIS -> ALOS PALSAR raster images, QGIS 3.10 and R programming.

Through the analysis of the maps, it is clear that the neighborhoods of Pedreira and Jurunas are located at lower altitudes, so they will suffer more from flooding, however, the unfinished micro and macro drainage works carried out by the city of Belém in 2016 are responsible agents for perpetuating the ailment and yet further fomenting flooding in such neighborhoods.

The altitude data that

allowed us to make the hypsometric map were downloaded through the EarthData

website, Alos Palsar with 12.5m of spatial resolution and the vector files that

make up the map are from IBGE (2019).

Through the IDW

Interpolation map, it is possible to make and observe the accumulated rainfall

map for the month of July for the city of Belém, and we see that the

meteorological station of Icoaraci CEMADEM is the one that recorded the most

rainfall.

Solution

Creation of the Jurunas

Piscinão, to capture and infiltrate rainwater in strategic locations. The

proximity of the Guajará Bay will help with the flow of these waters, which

will, above all, undergo different stages of treatment at the Belém Water

Treatment Station (ETA), the management organ of the Metropolitan Region of

Belém (RMB).

With the ETA, annually, it

is possible to deliver a volume of 6.4 m³ per second, in addition to

stabilizing the treatment, avoiding variations in water quality, thus

transforming the waters of the future Jurunas Piscinão into the cleanest in the

RMB.

As for treatment, the

Jurunas Piscinão will follow the Piscinão de Ramos model, which according to

State Environmental Institute (INEA) (2017), after treatment, chlorine is added

and water is pumped to the Piscinão at a flow rate of 100 liters per second.

The water goes in and out continuously in the swimming pool, so that all its

water ends up being changed every ten days.

The Piscinão should

contain the bottom constructed from permeable concrete with açaí seeds, which

is a permeable material that will allow the accelerated infiltration of water

into the soil.

The adoption of this

strategy is important because, in addition to mitigating the problem of

flooding in the capital of Pará, it also provides a sustainable destination for

the solid residue of the açaí seed, which is an exorbitant problem in the state

and which often accentuates the problems of flooding because when improperly

disposed they obstruct the pipelines.

According to Ferreira

(2018), there are today, only in the Metropolitan Region of Belém, around 10

thousand açaí sales points, which together produce around 2 tons of waste

(seeds) per day. The construction of this incredible project will have to be

done through collective financing from the residents, and the beneficiary

community will be able to take ownership of the project.

The cost of the project is

estimated in R$ 2,000,000 to 5,000,000 reais (it is important to emphasize that

the cost of permeable açaí concrete will reduce the amount of urban waste

dumped by açaí beaters).

This solution works in

line with the objective of SDG 11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities. In

addition, according to TECHNOLOGY READINESS LEVEL (2015), a method created by

NASA to assess technological maturity widely used in the Research, Development

and Innovation ecosystem, this project is TRL5, which would be a pilot scale

test, where the model is validated in a simulated environment.

The NASA tools used were ALOS PALSAR raster images

The team was successful in using data from NASA, it was inspiring to use R Programming, along with QGIS and ARQGIS. This solution works in accordance with the goal of SDG 11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities. Also, according to TECHNOLOGY READINESS LEVEL (2015), a method created by NASA to assess technology maturity widely used in the Research, Development and Innovation ecosystem, this project is TRL5, which would be a pilot scale test, where the model is validated in a simulated environment. We feel motivated to solve this challenge, as there are viable alternatives to mitigate this problem of flooding, a solution that, in addition to solving this issue as important as public health and safety, would give a sustainable destination to the residue of the açaí seed, through blocks made of concrete for the final disposal of this tropical fruit so consumed in the State of Pará.

CEMADEM. Mapa interativo. Disponível em: http://www2.cemaden.gov.br/mapainterativo/#. Acesso em 03 de Outubro de 2021.

INMET. Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Disponível em: https://portal.inmet.gov.br/. Acesso em 03 de Outubro de 2021.

IBGE (2019). IBGE – INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATÍSTICA. Cidades. Disponível em: https://www.ibge.gov.br/geociencias/downloads-geociencias.html. Acesso em 03 de Outubro de 2021.

INEA. Projeto Cidadania Ambiental chega ao Piscinão de Ramos levando diversão e arte para a comunidade. Rio de Jneiro. Disponível em: http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/projeto-cidadania-ambiental-chega-ao-piscinao-de-ramos-levando-diversao-e-arte-para-a-comunidade/. Acesso em 03 de Outubro de 2021.

FERREIRA, R. S. et al. Análise das propriedades mecânicas do concreto permeável com incorporação de sementes de açaí. In: 3 Congresso Luso-Brasileiro de Materiais de Construção Sustentáveis, Coimbra. Ata do. 2018.

STRAUB, J. In search of technology readiness level (TRL) 10. Aerospace Science and Technology, v. 46, p. 312-320, 2015.

https://g1.globo.com/pa/para/noticia/2020/03/07/videos-mostram-botes-sendo-usados-para-resgate-de-moradores-em-vias-alagadas-de-belem-apos-forte-chuva.ghtml

https://tede.ufam.edu.br/bitstream/tede/5373/2/Disserta%c3%a7%c3%a3o%20-%20Reginaldo%20J.%20Q.%20Souza.pdf

https://blogs.unama.br/noticias/engenharia-civil/semente-do-acai-como-concreto-permeavel-e-objeto-de-pesquisas-no-para

#nasa # #ALOS PALSAR #arqgis #qgis #Rprogramming #nasainternationalspaceappschallengebelém

This project has been submitted for consideration during the Judging process.