Graine AutreMonde

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Graine AutreMonde Group, will develop the Challenges HAVE SEEDS WILL TRAVEL! with the Graine A.M. , with the aim of developing a deployable system and thus transporting vegetable seeds, for nutritional supplementation and the daily caloric expenditure that astronauts would need to survive in a healthy way during the mission to Mars that could last up to 3 years.

Graine A.M. It would have a Lab-Graine, which would be a laboratory and container for all the vegetable seeds that are being grown, where there would be a Mach-Graine, which would develop what comes to be a hydroponic system, in addition

A system already used by NASA is Veggie, which is made up of pillows where the plants are placed. These are made of black Kevlar coated with Teflon with a Nomex bottom which contains the growing medium, which is usually calcined clay, controlled release fertilizer and water, which is supplied to the plants through a wick. passive, being injected into them by means of a quick disconnect valve. Kevlar is a strong synthetic fiber and Nomex is a synthetic fiber that is resistant to fire and heat.

Regarding the water tank, it has a superior Nomex that absorbs water from an inner bag. When the root is in contact with the lower Nomex plant pillow, the water is transferred. The procedure begins by placing the root mat over the Veggie base, then the pillows are attached on top. Finally water is injected into the pillow and the root mat.

The project "Graine A.M." Its main objective is the optimization of space, adapting the structure initially intended for the storage of prepackaged foods to the culture laboratory. For this, in the upper part of the container the LED lights, necessary for the growth of the plants, will be installed. Likewise, it will have a system by which CO2 from the outside will be captured, as well as a transparent dome that allows observing the growth of crops. In the lower part, once the prepackaged resources have been exhausted, a hatch can be opened through which the Lab Graine system can be deployed, made up of different levels that will contain the Kevlar and Nomex pillow where the seeds will be deposited. Finally, the water supply system will be made similar to the Veggie system

Members of the ISS and Shuttle missions received approximately 1,800g of food per person per day, including a higher proportion of heat-stabilized food than the Apollo missions, because they were preferred by astronauts and freeze-dried foods are less accepted. The space shuttle's engines used hydrogen as fuel, producing water during operation. This was used to rehydrate dehydrated and lyophilized food, so that 50% of the food from the shuttle was thrown in dehydrated form.

NASA has studied various strategies to reduce the mass of food needed to feed astronauts by maintaining a proper diet. One way to reduce the mass of packaged food was possible through a greater variety of menus13. One of the objectives was to maintain the number of calories supplied to the population, but increasing the nutritional and energy density of food, maximizing the percentage of energy provided by fat up to the maximum recommended (35%). In this way, the needs for carbohydrates and protein were reduced, which contributed to reducing the total mass of the food.

In order to cover nutritional supplementation and major problems during prolonged trips in microgravity, there is loss of body mass, bone demineralization is observed, there is a decrease in hematocrit that conditions changes in the metabolism of multiple nutrients, changes

Endocrines that affect the sympathetic nervous system, loss of fluids and electrolytes that cause a decrease in appetite and calculated caloric requirements. To combat these problems would be the increase in hematocrit, increased fluids and electrolytes, and avoid bone demineralization.

The Graine AutreMonde Group, will develop the Challenges HAVE SEEDS WILL TRAVEL! with the Graine A.M. ,

A system already used by NASA is Veggie, which is made up of pillows where the plants are placed. These are made of black Kevlar coated with Teflon with a Nomex bottom which contains the growing medium, which is usually calcined clay, controlled release fertilizer and water, which is supplied to the plants through a wick. passive, being injected into them by means of a quick disconnect valve. Kevlar is a strong synthetic fiber and Nomex is a synthetic fiber that is resistant to fire and heat.

Regarding the water tank, it has a superior Nomex that absorbs water from an inner bag. When the root is in contact with the lower Nomex plant pillow, the water is transferred. The procedure begins by placing the root mat over the Veggie base, then the pillows are attached on top. Finally water is injected into the pillow and the root mat.

The project "Graine A.M." Its main objective is the optimization of space, adapting the structure initially intended for the storage of prepackaged foods to the culture laboratory. For this, in the upper part of the container the LED lights, necessary for the growth of the plants, will be installed. Likewise, it will have a system by which CO2 from the outside will be captured, as well as a transparent dome that allows observing the growth of crops. In the lower part, once the prepackaged resources have been exhausted, a hatch can be opened through which the Lab Graine system can be deployed, made up of different levels that will contain the Kevlar and Nomex pillow where the seeds will be deposited. Finally, the water supply system will be made similar to the Veggie system

It is vitally important to know the characteristics of the space foods available today and if they would be able to sustain the life of human beings who would be outside planet earth or if, on the contrary, further technological development is necessary.

NASA's food delivery system began with special products that were designed to be as small and as small as possible due to mass and volume limitations that could be launched off Earth. However, it progressively evolved towards foods with better palatability due to the recommendations of doctors, since it favors a better nutritional state.

Given the importance of meeting both the energy and nutrient needs of the crew on long-term space travel, those foods that offer the best balance between nutrient intake and caloric density should be selected, which would allow reducing the mass of food to be thrown into space.

Food packaging was the largest contributor to the volume and mass of trash generated on NASA missions, with approximately 12.5% ​​of the weight of rehydratable foods used on the shuttle going to trash. However, packaging cannot be dispensed with as it is necessary to maintain the safety, nutritional quality and acceptability of food: its function is to protect it from the aggressions of the external environment caused by microorganisms, radiation, humidity, oxygen and others. It is vitally important that food packaging protects it from oxygen in the environment since contact with oxygen causes oxidation and nutritional loss. It should also offer protection against moisture as it can alter the quality of rehydration.

It is vitally important to find new materials for food packaging that are less heavy, present greater protection of food to allow it to be preserved for a longer time and are compatible with incineration processes, without forgetting the importance of visual inspection of the food. food to check its correct condition.

The molecular weight, and therefore the size of the vitamins, is much smaller than the DNA molecule, so the radiation typically found on manned space missions is less likely to directly affect these smaller molecules. However, when vitamins are surrounded by water and lipids, as they are in food, radiation produces reactive radicals that can dramatically increase the likelihood of interaction with susceptible vitamins, especially antioxidants. Therefore, it is thought that exposure to radiation and long-term storage associated with long-duration space missions should degrade highly susceptible vitamins.

MAJOR PROBLEMS DURING LONG-TERM TRIPS IN MICROGRAVITY:

there is loss of body mass, it is observed desm

I believe that an event like this has allowed each of us to develop our passion for science in the space field in a simple and dynamic way with an attachment to society. We have learned to develop ideas in a short time, and we chose this challenge due to the common interest of new ideas for food in long-term space travel focusing on the use of seeds through a hydroponic system and using polymeric hydrogels, we have distributed ourselves in parts and at specific times. I would thank each of the members of my team for their willingness, desire to be part of this great initiative and the participants in general for their passion for space science.

• Zimmerman B. Heat transfer and cooking. Cooking for Engineers (revista en internet). 2007 (consulta: 27/07/2014). Disponible en: http://www.cookingforengineers.com/article/224/Heat-Transfer-and-Cooking.
• Fu B, Nelson PE. Conditions and constraints of food processing in space. Food Technol. 1994; 48(9): 113-22, 127, 204.
• Rickman JC, Bruhn CM, Barrett DM. Nutritional comparison of fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables II. Vitamins A and carotenoids, vitamin E, minerals and fiber. J Sci Food Agric. 2007; 87: 1185-96.
• Kalt W. Effects of production and processing factors on major fruit and vegetable antioxidants. J Food Sci. 2005; 70(1): 11-19.
• Cooper M, Douglas G, Perchonok M. Developing the NASA food system for long-duration missions. J Food Sci. 2011; 76(2): R40-8.
• Stoklosa A. Packaged food mass reduction trade study. NASA Advanced Capabilities Division Research & Technology Task Book (revista en internet). 2009 (consulta: 27/07/2014). Disponible en: http://taskbook.nasaprs.com/Publication/index.cfm?action=public_query_taskbook_contentTASKID=7369.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bCB1Gr7bUsI&t=386s
• https://ecoinventos.com/mars-greenhouse/
• https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/video/nasa-cultivo-espacial-vo-portafolio/

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (s.f.). Veggie. Recuperado de https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/veggie_fact_sheet_508.pdf

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (2016). Space Station Fisheye Fly-Through 4K.[Archivo de Vídeo]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhmdyQdu96M

• National Aeronautics and Space Administration (2020). The Veggie Vegetable Production System on The ISS. .[Archivo de Vídeo]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bCB1Gr7bUsI&t=909s

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