APEH7

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1J_lUlAMW9O5hO8RkZBCXKOhym9Y0XJkv/view?usp=sharing

https://drive.google.com/file/d/16yxG-gTiKmRjPL1zwU6pOpL8tSPpLyBn/view?usp=sharing

MEPAP:

MEPAP is a device that uses multiple sources for electricity generation such as vibration, electromagnetic radiation, thermal, solar, winds which are renewable sources and help us come out of our dependence on fossil fuels for electrical energy. MEPAP’s Air Purifier is integrated with BRID’s Air purifier with some advanced changes such as ICC to make it purify from the source itself. Even We can make phone calls (similar to landline as MEPAP absorbs Radio waves and uses it for making and receiving calls)MEPAP device aims at reducing pollution with the motive “GO GREEN “And “Prevent Shortage by Utilizing the Wastage”. (i.e., Preventing the shortage of fossil fuels and other non-renewable resources by utilizing wasted energy sources such as vibration, waste heat, exhaust air etc.., for electricity generation, for air purification etc..,) MEPAP's Air Purifier uses Active shield , Active Carbon Filter, ICC (Improved Catalytic Converter), Honeycomb Active Carbon Filter, HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter) Type Filter, Anion Generator, Air pollution sensors , MEPAP ELECTRICITY GENERATOR GENERATES ELECTRICITY WITH THE HELP OF VIBRATRION (Piezoelectric Materials) AND ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION (with the help of MetaMaterials) ELECTROMAGNETIC induction [inductive coupling (power density is proportional to d, q, 1/d^3)] , wind energy (from purifier where mini turbine is connected with dynamo) AND ALSO THERMOELECTRIC ENERGY (power density25μW/cm^2).MEPAP is effective in reducing Acrolein, CO2, CO, NOx, Hydrocarbons, Ammonia, Choloroform, Xylenes and other pollutants. MEPAP Energy Harvester device abruptly reduces the dependence on fossil fuels on energy by producing electricity via available sources such as Vibration, Heat, Electromagnetic Radiation and so on..,.

MY MEPAP applies to Power of 10 concept

because it uses 5 sources to produce energy and

It has three functions of Energy harvesting, Air

Purification, Carbon Collection(will implement

soon for Carbon Collection) and focuses on two

main crisis i.e.., Fossils depletion and Air

Pollution. So 5+3+2=10. And My MEPAP solves

10 main problems in Earth

1. Fossil Depletion

2. Energy Crisis

3. Air Pollution

4. Global Warming

5. Acid Rain

6. Climate Change

7. Energy Wastage

8. Search for Alternate fuel

9. Search for Alternate energy

10. Sustainability

MEPAP’S AIR PURIFIER

FEATURES AND WORKING

 MEPAP AIR CLEANSER IS AN AIR PURIFIER THAT PURIFIES AIR FROM THE EXACT SOURCE (VEHICLES AND FACTORIES EXHAUST).

 IT'S DESIGNED TO REDUCE AIR POLLUTION.

 The compact purifier is an excellent solution to the growing pollution problem. The Active Oxidization Cell keeps the purification process going with its self-cleaning powers, while the 360o air flow protects us from dangerous contaminants by dispersing healthy air.

 Active shield

Sub-micron respirable particles and infection-carrying microorganisms are removed from the air during the purification process.

 Active Carbon Filter

The most advanced technology filters out foul odours, poisonous gases, and other dangerous pollutants from the air we breathe in, including VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds). By removing irritants from the air, the carbon filters offer great absorbent characteristics that help to relieve respiratory irritation.

 ICC (Improved Catalytic Converter):

Catalytic converters, which use expensive metals like platinum, palladium, and rhodium as catalysts, are installed in automobiles to reduce toxic gas emissions. Unburned hydrocarbons are transformed to carbon dioxide and water, while carbon monoxide and nitric oxide are turned to carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas, respectively, as the exhaust travels through the catalytic converter. To overcome cost and reduce the use of rare metals, the project set out to produce an alternative source of oxidation catalyst for oxidation reactions, lowering NOx and HC emissions in the process. The wash coat process with silicon dioxide and alumina with silica substrate was chosen for this project. The catalytic converter is made up of inner and outer shells that are held together by cones and flanges. The experimental engine is used to undertake the initial emission measurements. The dangerous pollutant is reduced more efficiently and at a lesser cost with this catalytic converter than with a standard catalytic converter.

 Honeycomb Active Carbon Filter

The carbon filters have exceptional absorption qualities, allowing them to remove disagreeable odours, harmful gases, and other odours, leaving only clean, fresh air to breathe.

 HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter) Type Filter

Other air purifiers are unable to remove airborne pollutants and ultra-fine particles such as bacteria, pollen, and mould, which are removed by the HEPA type filter. Silver and copper nets are used in MEPAP's HEPAP filter to boost efficiency and harvest energy.

 Anion Generator

The technology ensures that the air we breathe contains no positive ions, safe in the knowledge that we are living in a clean environment. The purifier's negative ions bond to airborne pollutants and remove them from the air, resulting in a cleaner and fresher environment.

 Air pollution sensors

Air pollution sensors (APS) are devices that detect and monitor air pollution in the immediate vicinity. They are suitable for both indoor and outdoor use. Although air pollution sensors come in a variety of forms, and MEPAP's APS specialise on specific elements, the bulk of them focus on five components: ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, and nitrous

oxide.

FUTURE PLAN FOR AIR PURIFIER PART

Carbon Separator and Collector:

 Carbon dioxide is considered a major reason for global warming. The element jeopardizes people’s health, threatens national security, and endangers basic human needs. Yet, it also holds great promise as a fuel of the future.

 The carbon dioxide splitter, which consists of copper and tin.

 The splitter has an atomic layer of tin in order to trap the energy that would be lost if copper is utilized as an electrode. It also has a thin membrane between the cathode and anode to improve the reaction.

 The splitter can open windows to solving the problem of storing energy from renewable sources by turning it straight into liquid fuel.

Carbon dioxide is thought to be a key contributor to global warming. The substance endangers people's health, undermines national security, and jeopardises basic human requirements. However, it has a lot of potential as a future fuel.

Copper and tin are used to make the carbon dioxide splitter. The splitter features an atomic layer of tin to trap energy that would otherwise be lost if copper were used as an electrode. To improve the reaction, it also contains a thin membrane between the cathode and anode. The splitter has the potential to solve the difficulty of storing renewable energy by converting it directly into liquid fuel.

Splitting is a carbon-neutral and efficient procedure. It is already a well-known method of creating fuel that does not

increase carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. CO2 is broken down into two components: oxygen and carbon monoxide. Synthetic carbon-based fuel can be made by combining carbon monoxide with hydrogen. CO2 is removed from the atmosphere and not reintroduced, resulting in clean fuel.

MEPAP’S ELECTRICITY GENERATOR

FEATURE & WORKING

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES

 MEPAP ELECTRICITY GENERATOR GENERATES ELECTRICITY WITH THE HELP OF VIBRATRION (Piezoelectric Materials) AND ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION (with the help of MetaMaterials) ELECTROMAGNETIC induction [inductive coupling (power density is proportional to d, q, 1/d^3)] , wind energy (from purifier where mini turbine is connected with dynamo) AND ALSO THERMOELECTRIC ENERGY (power density=25μW/cm^2).

ELECTRICITY from VIBRATRION

 MEPAP ELECTRICITY GENERATOR can generate enough electricity from arbitrary, non-periodic vibrations to power a wristwatch, pacemaker, wireless sensor, phones, and other devices. MEPAP are highly efficient at generating renewable electrical power from arbitrary, non-periodic vibrations. Vibration caused by vehicles on bridges, factory machinery, and persons moving their limbs causes this form of vibration.

WORKING:

 The energy conversion in two of the PFIG (Parametric Frequency Increased Generators) sub generators occurs by electromagnetic induction, in which a coil is subjected to a fluctuating magnetic field. This is analogous to the operation of large-scale generators in major power plants. It also makes use of piezoelectric material, which is a type of material that generates electricity when stretched. This version can be used to monitor the health of infrastructure.

 Power Density= 4 μW/cm^2

MECHANISM AND APPLICATIONS:

It includes a resonator, which amplifies the vibration source, and a transducer, which converts the vibration energy into electrical energy. A magnet and a piezoelectric crystal coil make up the transducer.

When a crystal is squeezed, it can emit an electric current or change shape when an electric charge is applied. Ultrasound and sonar equipment, as well as energy harvesting, make advantage of the piezoelectric effect.

As a transducer, piezoelectric generators use thin casings or beams constructed of piezoelectric crystals. Because of the piezoelectric effect, when a crystal is put under strain by the kinetic energy of vibration, a little amount of current is created. These mechanisms are the most common method of collecting energy from vibrations since they are generally simple, contain few moving parts, and have a long service life. The MEMS process is used to make it.

A freely revolving, unusual brass rotor with an implanted magnet and several PZT beams with a magnet on each beam are used in this device. When the rotor's magnet approaches one of the beams, the magnets oppose each other and deflect the beam, tugging it in a process known as frequency up-conversion. A spinning wrist's gradual rate is modified to a higher frequency oscillation. This gadget outperforms typical electromagnetic harvesters, such as those seen in self-powered timepieces.

This device makes use of a resonator, which allows the airflow to produce a constant tone with a high amplitude. Many wind instruments work on the same principle, transforming the airflow provided by the musician into a loud, consistent tone. This tone serves as the vibration that the piezoelectric generator converts from kinetic to electric energy.

ELECTRICITY from ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION:

 The "complete absorption idea" is used to harvest electromagnetic energy. This entails the use of metamaterials that may be customised to produce media that neither reflects nor transmits any power, allowing for complete absorption of incident waves across a given frequency and polarisation range.

 Classic dipole patch antennas have been used to capture and harness electromagnetic energy since the beginning of time. My technique now introduces'metasurfaces,' which are far more efficient energy collectors than traditional antennas. For RF harvesting, microstrip patch antennas are employed because of their low profile, small weight, and planar shape.

 Metasurfaces are created by etching a beautiful pattern of periodic forms into a material's surface. The dimensions of these patterns, as well as their distance from one another, can be adjusted to give "near-unity" energy absorption. This energy is then sent to a load via a conducting conduit that connects the metasurface to an electromechanical energy collector.

 We can also direct the absorbed energy into a load rather than letting it dissipate in the material, as in prior efforts.

 "Wireless power transfer—capable of directly powering remote equipment such as RFID tags and gadgets, as well as remote devices in general.." is another significant application.

 The method can also be used to the visible and infrared spectrums.

 Power Density= 25μW/cm^2.

ELECTRICITY from ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION(RF):

Radio waves are used to transmit Wi-Fi communications. Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz and 5.9 GHz), global satellite positioning (1.58 GHz and 1.22 GHz), fourth-generation (4G) cellular communications (1.7 GHz and 1.9 GHz), and Bluetooth (2.4 GHz) receiving antennas can wirelessly capture electromagnetic radiation and convert it to alternating current (AC).

Using a rectifier built from a 3 atom thick layer of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). When exposed to specific substances, MoS2 acts differently than the bulk material at this thickness; the atoms rearrange themselves. This means the material can change from a

semiconductor to a metallic structure like a switch. The MoS2 generates a Schottky diode, which is a semiconductor-metal junction. Because the structure decreases the additional energy held by certain materials used in electronics, known as parasitic capacitance, the diode detailed in their research may convert signals at higher frequencies. When compared to conventional flexible rectifiers, the researchers' approach reduces parasitic capacitance by an order of magnitude, allowing them to capture hitherto elusive high-frequency Wi-Fi band radio waves.

ENERGY FROM TERAHERTZ(will implement in future.):

 Terahertz waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation that has a frequency that falls midway between microwaves and infrared light. They are produced by nearly anything that detects a

temperature, including our own bodies and the inanimate objects around us, and are also known as "T-rays."

 Terahertz waves are all around us, and their concentrated strength may be used as a source of alternative energy if they could be harnessed. However, there has yet to be a viable technique to capture and turn them into something usable.

 In the future, the MEPAP gadget will be able to convert terahertz radiation into direct current, which is used to power numerous household electronics.

This design (from MIT) makes advantage of the carbon substance graphene's quantum mechanical, or atomic, characteristics. They discovered that when graphene and boron nitride are combined, the electrons in graphene should skew their travel in the same

direction. Any incoming terahertz waves should "shuttle" graphene's electrons to travel through the material in a single direction, as a direct current, like so many small air traffic controllers.

Rectifiers are devices that transform electromagnetic waves from an oscillating (alternating) current to a direct current. This DC energy must be converted to AC power using an inverter in order to be integrated with modern power transmission technologies, such as the outlets in your home.

The majority of rectifiers are designed to convert low-frequency waves, such as radio waves, by generating an electric field with diodes that can steer radio waves through the device as a DC current.

Solar Energy:

 Photovoltaic (PV) solar panels generate electricity by harnessing the sun's energy. This is the most extensively used method of solar energy harvesting today. These panels, which range in size from a few square centimetres to a few square metres, are made up of a complex matrix of PV cells. Intuitively, the more surface area accessible for sunlight to pass through the PV cells, the more solar energy is harvested..

 A compound semiconductor wafer structure, which can be monocrystalline or polycrystalline, is used to construct each PV solar cell. The two thin semiconductor wafers in the structure, one P-type and one N-type, are developed separately. The two wafers are stacked on top of one other, and the natural reaction between the two semiconductor kinds creates a depletion zone that

eventually reaches equilibrium without generating any electricity. When light photons flow through the PV cell and link with semiconductor wafers, their interaction releases enough energy to upset the depletion region's equilibrium. As a result of this activity, there is a transient flow of electricity. However, because light is always there, this interaction happens all the time and can generate tremendous amounts of electrical energy.

 The power generated by a single photon interaction is replicated across the PV cell's whole surface. It's been combined into a solar cell panel. This small contact in the depletion zone can be repeated and compounded to produce a large amount of electricity. PV solar panels, on the other hand, generate DC power. This DC energy must be converted to AC power using an inverter in order to be integrated with modern power transmission technologies, such as the outlets in your home. There are other proprietary variations of this basic technology that aim to improve the molecular efficiency of each PV cell, the panel's assembly, and the panel's ability to be incorporated into a larger solar array.

 Thin-film solar cell, a type of device that uses micron-thick photon-absorbing material layers placed on a flexible substrate to convert light energy into electrical energy (via the photovoltaic effect).

 Cadmium telluride thin-films had a peak efficiency of more than 22.1 percent, according to research (the percentage of photons hitting the surface of the cell that are transformed into an electric current). Cadmium telluride thin-film solar cell technologies have the lightest carbon footprint and the shortest payback period of any thin-film solar cell technology on the market by 2014. This is why, in MEPAP, I chose Cadmium Telluride Thin-Film.

 Power Density= 1000μW/cm^2

Energy Harvesting from a Vehicle’s Exhaust System Using Thermoelectric Generator Module(TEG):

 Due to the sheer rise in carbon dioxide levels and other dangerous chemicals, particularly those that contribute to pollution and global warming, our automobile industries are an easy and obvious target, and many studies have been conducted in this area. Globally, around 1/3 of total energy is used, with the remainder being rejected as waste heat. An engine's highest efficiency is roughly 25%, which means that 75% of the energy left is squandered as heat due to parasitic losses and friction, resulting in 30% waste in

the engine coolant and 40% waste in the form of gases in the exhaust.

 The given figure shows the energy distribution in an Internal Combustion Engine.

Internal combustion engines have efficiency levels ranging from 25% to 35%. In a combustion engine, heat accounts for about 50 percent to 85 percent of total energy loss, which is either cooled away by the vehicle's radiator or blown out with the exhaust fumes. The remaining losses occur in bearings and gearboxes. This energy is referred to as "waste heat" because it is never used again. Even if only a small portion of waste heat could be converted back into usable energy, it would be a step in the right direction toward better fuel economy.

TEG in MEPAP is a well-stated device that works on the Seebeck effect principle.

Solar energy systems such as solar panels, solar hot water systems, biomass power applications, energy power plants, and solar pond systems contain them. Installing a TEG with MEPAP is simple and helpful because it has several advantages, including being small in size, making little or no noise when functioning, and requiring little or no maintenance. The fact that it uses free thermal energy and converts it into useful electrical energy is a huge plus. A thermoelectric module is made up of many thermo elements connected in series in an electrical channel to increase the operating voltage and in parallel to increase the thermal conductivity.

According to a study, converting this waste heat into power leads in a 20 percent gain in fuel economy. TEG in MEPAP works on the Seebeck effect idea. Two metallic strips, linked at the ends to form a loop, composed of different metals. There is an electric current in the loop if the junctions are held at various temperatures, and the emf created is known as the SEEBECK emf or thermo emf, and the current can be utilised to power a load.

The thermoelectric material is sandwiched between the TEG and the thermoelectric material in the MEPAP structure, which is subsequently sandwiched between the heat exchanger plates at their ends. The hot side and cold side are the two heat exchangers that remain at different temperatures, one at a high temperature and the other at a low temperature. In MEPAP, a thermally insulated layer exists between the metal heat exchanger and the TEG material. The metal connects the p type and n type materials electrically. In MEPAP, a TEG has two sides: one is cold, and the other is hot. The hotter side generates current by directing electrons in the n type leg towards the cold side, which flow through the metallic connection and into the p type leg. The greater

the temperature difference between the cold and hot sides, the greater the emf value.

TEG Power Generation Calculation:

 The equation involved in calculation of the performance of a TEG

 Z = α2/ kR

 Z is a figure of merit of thermoelectric material, R is the electric resistivity

 k is a thermal conductivity and

 α is a Seebeck coefficient which is

 α = ΔV / ΔT,

THERMOELECTRIC METALS USED IN MEPAP:

Automobiles, power plants, space satellites, and other applications use thermoelectric materials. The structure and composition of thermoelectric materials can be used to classify them. Chalcogenides, clathrates, skutterudites, half-heusler, oxides, and silicides are some of the types. Chalcogenide alloys are the most common thermoelectric materials. The use of calcogenide materials using (Bi2Te3) and (Bi2Te3) is common (PbTe). Thermoelectric materials for temperature application produced using Bi2Te3, Se, and Sb are cost-effective. At temperatures between 500 and 600 degrees Celsius, PbTe has greater thermoelectric characteristics and has been utilised by NASA as a radioactive thermoelectric generator (RTG). When exposed to air, a TE material's stability is critical since it should not oxidise within

the operating temperature. However, the automotive industry is presently focusing on bismuth telluride for TEG construction.

The qualities of two heavy elements include high charge mobility and small band gaps. At 467 0C, Bi and Te, as well as bulk PbTe alloys, have a zT value of 0.7. At 642 0C, the zT value of SrTe and PbTe doped with Na was 2.2. Due to its complicated crystal structure and wide voids, Skutterudites (MX3) has a reduced thermal conductivity. Skutterudites based on CoSb3 are versatile in that they can accept a variety of actinides, lanthanides, alkalis, and alkaline earth metals for void filling, and their thermal conductivity reduces as their size decreases. Half-heusler compounds are intermetallic compounds that are thermally stable and have a high thermal conductivity and seebeck coefficient. Due to photon scattering, the lattice thermal conductivity of these materials decreases when they have nanostructures. Because of its minimal deterioration up to 1000 0C, SiGe alloys are used in high-temperature applications. Nanostructured SiGe alloys have a greater zT value than bulk SiGe alloys. For n type and p type, bulk Si0.8 Ge0.2 has zT values of 1 and 0.6, respectively. When nanocomposite thermoelectric materials are employed, the zT value improves.

HARVESTING WIND ENERGY(HEW Module): The current invention is for a wind generator and air purifier that works together. A wind-receiving unit mounted on a central shaft drives an electric generator and an air purifier in the combined air purifier and wind generator. The wind-receiving unit consists of a governor attached to the central shaft's upper end and planar magnetic rotating plates attached to the central shaft's lower end

for receiving natural winds. Upper magnets with the same polarity as the lower magnets are attached to the bottoms of the magnetic rotating plates to face the lower magnets, while lower magnets are attached to the top of the MEPAP. Two air inlets; one air outlet; and a copper net, silver net, and hard charcoal/zeolite net arranged within the air purifier for air purification are presented. Even as the wind speed increases, the shaft of the generator is prevented from exceeding a predetermined speed, preventing damage to the generator and extending its life, and which includes a multi-stage wind-receiving unit that allows the shaft to be easily rotated even in the presence of gentle natural wind, thereby increasing electricity generation. The HEW Module is made up of an electric generator, a central shaft that protrudes beyond the top of the MEPAP and has a lower end with a gear attached for engaging with the electric generator's gear and delivering rotational force, and a wind-receiving unit attached to the central shaft. The wind-receiving unit consists of a governor attached to the central shaft's top end and planar magnetic rotating plates positioned to receive natural winds. A plurality of cylinders, one end of which is linked to the central shaft, a plurality of wind cups, one end of which is slidably installed within the corresponding cylinders, and springs connected to the inner ends of the wind cups for elastically supporting them make up the governor. Upper magnets with the same polarity as the lower magnets are positioned on the bottoms of the respective magnetic rotary plates to face down toward the lower magnets, and lower magnets are attached to the top of the MEPAP.

STORAGE SYSTEMS:

 A switching circuit and two supercapacitors of different sizes make up the hybrid energy-storage system (HESS). The switching circuit is controlled by an adaptive-learning switching algorithm. This method forecasts the amount of available source energy as well as the length of time the sensor node will be in the high-energy zone. Based on the quantity of RF, vibration, solar, EM, and thermal energy available in the environment, the programme dynamically swaps between supercapacitors. The proposed method was evaluated through extensive simulation and experiments. In terms of collected energy and sensor coverage, the suggested system outperformed a single supercapacitor system by 40% and 80%, respectively.

 One store (ES1) is often devoted in a HESS to address "high power" demand, transients, and fast load variations, and so has a

fast response time, high efficiency, and long cycle lifetime.The "high energy" storage (ES2) will have a low self-discharge rate and lower installation costs.

 Main advantages of a HESS are:

 Total investment expenses are lower as compared to a single storage system (due to a decoupling of energy and power, ES2 only has to cover average power demand).

 Enhancement of overall system efficiency (due to operation of ES2 at optimized, high efficiency operating points and reduction of dynamic losses of ES2).

 Storage capacity and system lifespan are both increasing (optimized operation and reduction of dynamic stress of ES2)

 Energy storage coupling architecture in HESS used in MEPAP:

MEPAP's coupling architecture is made up of two DC/DC converters. The parallel converter architecture is highly popular in this area. The voltage management of the DC-bus is handled by an extra DC/DC converter coupled with the "high-power" storage. It allows the ―high-power‖ storage to work over a wider voltage range, allowing the available storage capacity to be better utilised.

MEPAP's frequency decoupling is particularly suited to real-time applications. A simple low-pass filter and complex filter principles based on wavelet or Fourier transform are used to achieve this. The low frequency component provides the set-point value for ES2's power controller, while ES1 covers the high frequency component.

I used data from various NASA for analyzing air pollution and Nightlights for carbon emission.

Automobiles, power plants, space satellites, and other applications use thermoelectric materials. The structure and composition of thermoelectric materials can be used to classify them. Chalcogenides, clathrates, skutterudites, half-heusler, oxides, and silicides are some of the types. Chalcogenide alloys are the most common thermoelectric materials. The use of calcogenide materials using (Bi2Te3) and (Bi2Te3) is common (PbTe). Thermoelectric materials for temperature application produced using Bi2Te3, Se, and Sb are cost-effective. At temperatures between 500 and 600 degrees Celsius, PbTe has greater thermoelectric characteristics and has been utilised by NASA as a radioactive thermoelectric generator (RTG). When exposed to air, a TE material's stability is critical since it should not oxidise within

the operating temperature. However, the automotive industry is presently focusing on bismuth telluride for TEG construction.

It was great and I had learnt the skill of data analyzing through this hackathon.

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MEPAP Energy Clean Air Zero Emisssion