Hasret2021

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1ujeTnGNMnhnmdBjSe60lYhasQMSrK1W5/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=111863060165940732047&rtpof=true&sd=true

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1NCZHrZzLO1bHpCOHXxXoNtYIL0nTvRSM/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=111863060165940732047&rtpof=true&sd=true

My origami artwork contains two main structures. The first structure is the origami work of James Webb Telescope. The other is the universe board that tells the story of the purpose. The paper telescope with the sticks has the benefit of moving in different directions with the flexible application of the glue. The white cardboard layer under the plastic bags makes the telescope to remain cool even at the noon under the sun light. I have tried it. The sample paper sun blocker shows clearly the movement of getting smaller and bigger according to the complex folding styles. I have achieved to put one into the Retro Rocket. The universe board gives the information about the M87 galaxy, different planets, ancient civilizations, the importance of sun, the purpose of the hexagon mirrors, rockets and the different sections of the JWST.

I have got information from the model of NASA found at the website provided below

https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/model/jwstPaperModelBasic.pdf

That model gave me the details of constructing the telescope.

I'm a citizen scientist as well.

https://science.nasa.gov/citizenscience

I work on Disk Detective , Active Asteroids etc.

These programs help me to understand the universe and its mathematical and artistic design.

From those websites, I understand the usage of telescopes, lights from the planets, stars, galaxies etc and usage of new programs, libraries such as IRSA, SINBAD, Vizier etc.

https://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/applications/

http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-coo?Coord=248.3719145+-30.9929380&Radius=12&Radius.unit=arcsec

http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=&-out.add=_r&-out.add=_RAJ%@C_DEJ&-sort=_r&-to=&-out.max=20&-meta.ucd=2&meta.foot=1&-c.rs=12&-c=248.3719145+-30.9929380

I have reflected some of the images obtained from the IRSA Catalogs to the hexagonal mirrors on my universe board.

Planetary Society

Understanding the design of light sail using lights as energy resource

https://www.planetary.org/sci-tech/lightsail

Chandra X-ray Observatory to understand the origami for the structures of the telescope

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TXb-ugb8kX4

For designing M87, I have worked with the data found at Micro Observatory Robotic Telescope Network Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian used at NASA DATA challenge.

https://mo-www.cfa.harvard.edu/OWN/astrophoto/

I have selected NASA's images of M87 and process them with Micro Observatory's JS9‑4L tool.

I have developed four models. I have used two of them for this work.

Purple one as the team picture and the orange one over the universe board.

Paint 3D and Photoshop programs are used to help explain the realization of the story

I have inspired from the model of NASA found at the website provided below

https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/model/jwstPaperModelBasic.pdf

That model gave me the details of constructing the telescope.

I'm a citizen scientist as well.

https://science.nasa.gov/citizenscience

I work on Disk Detective , Active Asteroids etc.

These programs help me to understand the universe and its mathematical and artistic design.

From those websites, I understand the usage of telescopes, lights from the planets, stars, galaxies etc and usage of new programs, libraries such as IRSA, SINBAD, Vizier etc.

https://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/applications/

http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-coo?Coord=248.3719145+-30.9929380&Radius=12&Radius.unit=arcsec

http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=&-out.add=_r&-out.add=_RAJ%@C_DEJ&-sort=_r&-to=&-out.max=20&-meta.ucd=2&meta.foot=1&-c.rs=12&-c=248.3719145+-30.9929380

Planetary Society

Understanding the design of light sail using lights as energy resource

https://www.planetary.org/sci-tech/lightsail

Chandra X-ray Observatory to understand the origami for the structures of the telescope

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TXb-ugb8kX4

For designing M87, I have worked with the data found at Micro Observatory Robotic Telescope Network Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian used at NASA DATA challenge.

https://mo-www.cfa.harvard.edu/OWN/astrophoto/

I have selected NASA's images of M87 and process them with Micro Observatory's JS9‑4L tool.

I have developed four models.

The purple one on the team site is for my mother Günay (Cemaliye) Benar who has died from the disease "Alzheimer". I have used the Hawaiian colors to make the galaxy because two of the eight powerful telescopes used to generate the first black hole image are located in Hawaii — so seems fitting that the M87 black hole's name be tied to its Hawaiian roots.

https://www.homeyhawaii.com/blog/culture/official-colors-and-flowers-of-hawaiian-islands/

The purple is also the color of the disease.

Paint 3D and Photoshop programs are used to help explain the realization of the story

Space Apps experience is like having a journey to ancient civilizations and into deep space with time machine.

My learning starts with the detailed understanding of the importance of origami since it was only a hobby for me.

I have investigated the literature and found that;

The Japanese word, “origami” is a combination of two words in Japanese: “ori” which means “to fold” and “kami” which means “paper”. It was traditionally believed that if one folded 1000 origami cranes, one's wish would come true. It has also become a symbol of hope and healing during challenging times.

Origami (Kirigami is shown under origami), also called paper folding, art of folding objects out of paper to create both two-dimensional and three-dimensional subjects.

What is the most popular origami shape?

Crane

The traditional origami crane is perhaps the most popular example of origami. It uses a bird base, which is a square base plus two petal folds. Traditionally, folding a thousand paper cranes is said to grant you the right to make one special wish.

Ref:Google images

We liked to play with the papers in our childhood. Designing crane was the most popular one in my neighborhood as well. I have noticed that we can design a lot of structures with the art work. For example, the informative and complex one is the half-human body.

Ref:Google images

Origami principles are now used in a wide variety of applications–from the design of satellites, to heart stents, to self-assembling robots, and much more. Applying origami principles help fit large objects into a smaller shape, after which they can expand again.

In the fields of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Origami is used in the manufacturing of miniature models of bridges and stadiums.

In the field of Medicine, paper folding techniques are used to embody the cell membrane and protein, and are used in modeling DNA samples.

Origami increasingly is being used by companies and researchers in space, medicine, robotics, architecture, public safety and the military to solve vexing design problems, often to fit big things into small spaces.

In addition to working on a project to develop complicated crease patterns for airbag folding designs, Robert Lang (is an American physicist who is also one of the foremost origami artists and theorists in the world) helped design a mesh wire heart support to be folded and implanted in congestive heart failure patients; once inside, it would expand, protecting the heart (wikipedia.org)

In space engineering, origami is applied as a method of organizing luggage for space travel, increasing flexibility of spatial structures, and improving the accuracy of robotic motion.

In addition, Origami can save material costs and time. This allows even complex components to be manufactured from a single piece without bonding, riveting or welding, reduces storage and transport costs through volume savings and reduces the number of work steps required in production and application.

The unusual packaging design of the Nike Sport Ball even earned Nike the DuPont Diamond Awards finalist status. The creative combination of geodesic design and origami elements is characterized above all by the low material consumption and high visibility of the product. In addition, the packaging has a favorable CO2 balance. Overall, the packaging thus creates a high appeal for the product and strengthens the brand (lead-innovation, 2021).

The material researchers at Harvard University in Cambridge have ambitious goals. They want to use origami technology to create any shape with a suitable fold, construct houses and develop nanostructures. 

Some of the researchers, like Rober Lang, have been able to prove that curved surfaces can also be folded together easily with the so-called Miura folding. The decisive advantage of the Miura folding is its unusually high flexibility. This folding technique can also be used to refold curved surfaces, such as a curved vase, a sphere or a hyperbolic paraboloid (the same art work has been used while designing the sun blocker). The developed software calculates e.g. from the vase the necessary position of the folding edges and delivers the data to a production machine. Possible applications include space travel, the packaging industry and minimally invasive surgery.

One of the biggest challenges in origami engineering is folding thick materials. They can usually only be bent if they are cut through and hinged. With this technique, folding only works in one direction. But researchers have now developed the origami "Zippered Tube", which solves this problem and opens up new structural options.

DNA Origami - Transport Robots from DNA

The basic principles of origami have also found their way into nanotechnology and biomedicine, albeit still predominantly into basic research. DNA origami is the term used to describe methods for folding DNA in order to create any two- and three-dimensional shapes on the nanoscale. In this respect, nanoresearchers in DNA orgami use DNA as a building material for nanometer-scale objects.

The different methods and the almost limitless possibilities for forms and structures of DNA open up a wide range of applications in medicine, biochemistry, physics and materials science.

DNA forms could include medical active substances and release them specifically in the body or cells (e.g. active substances are released in the presence of certain DNA sequences or other signaling molecules).

In the future, certain DNA forms could be used to capture molecules or even entire viruses in an organism and keep them under lock and key.

Theoretically, sensors can also be developed from the forms that can be produced with high precision.

DNA moulds can serve as frameworks or moulds that can be used to impress a desired shape on other materials.

Furthermore, origami structures could serve as a framework for conductive materials on microchips or semiconductors, making them even smaller.

Applications are also conceivable as a framework for carbon fibers, which could be brought into certain shapes with extreme precision.

In the future, these artificial nanobots or nanomachines may even exhibit a similar degree of effectiveness and complexity as the natural nanomachines in our cells.

Whenever I think about the benefit of origami for the coordination of the human body, I have found the information below.

The benefits of origami

・Use of one's fingers improves fine motor skills and brain development.

・Develops imagination and a sense of color. 

・Improves concentration and spatial awareness.

It requires hand-eye coordination, develops fine-motor skills and supports mental concentration – all of which stimulate the brain. When kids follow instructions through the paper-folding challenges, both the motor and visual areas of their brains are activated.

With practice, origami can become a form of a focused attention meditation, a category of meditation that trains the mind on an object. Focused attention meditation has been shown to stabilize the mind and promote calmness.

I was thinking why space engineers prefer hexagon shaped mirrors as the primary mirror for the James Webb Telescope. I have learned that Reflective hexagons have been chosen because the large mirror is needed to reflect light from objects in space. Doing this essentially amplifies the light, enabling the telescope's instruments to better pick up on what it is seeing. A reflecting telescope's primary mirror determines how much light it can collect, and thus how deeply it can see into the universe.

A large space telescope optimized for infrared wavelengths, the Webb telescope will find the first galaxies that formed in the early universe and peer through dusty clouds to see stars forming planetary systems.

I was thinking whether James Webb could be refueled or serviced?

I have learned that it could not be refueled or serviced because there is currently no servicing capability that can be used for missions orbiting L2, and therefore the Webb mission design does not rely upon a servicing option. As soon as Webb runs out of fuel, it will no longer be able to maintain its orbit and it will no longer be able to point.

I think that in the future light sails could be used to refuel the telescopes. They can carry a light tank and petrol pump levers liked structures for refueling. Origami could help us while designing such kind of structures.

Another question in my mind was; why is James Webb mirror gold?

Gold is applied because it significantly increases the reflectivity of the telescope in infrared light.

Another one is; how can we look back in time with a telescope?

Because light takes time to travel from one place to another, we see objects not as they are now but as they were at the time when they released the light that has traveled across the universe towards us. Astronomers can therefore look farther back through time by studying progressively more-distant objects. The time it takes for light from objects in space to reach Earth means that when we look at planets, stars and galaxies, we're actually peering back in time. When we look up at the stars, we are looking back in time. The light entering our eyes from these distant objects set off years, decades or millennia earlier.

The other question is; why is infrared light important?

Infrared waves have longer wavelengths than visible light and can pass through dense regions of gas and dust in space with less scattering and absorption. Thus, infrared energy can also reveal objects in the universe that cannot be seen in visible light using optical telescopes.

The other one is; why the infrared light is used to image the Earth?

While it is easier to distinguish clouds from land in the visible range, there is more detail in the clouds in the infrared. This is great for studying cloud structure. For instance, note that darker clouds are warmer, while lighter clouds are cooler.

I have always liked to fold papers. This activity has attracted my attention because I wanted to understand how I can combine the artwork with the engineering designs. First of all I have tried to get enough information about the James Webb Telescope from the NASA websites. Then I have watched the instructional steps of origami artwork for the JWST from different youtube channels mostly linked to NASA (detail information and the links have been provided in the section of the final work). I have tried to fold the design of NASA and then follow my own design as I have understood. I have taken special attention to the sizes of each paper structure to find the necessary balance and made a structure smaller but similar to the real one.

Mostly the challenge was with the sun blockers. The folding was complex and it was really important to make the folding with the millimetric corrections. The folding has enabled me to realize how the structures are extracting and extending. Even I have achieved to put one into the model of rocket. Mathematics was really a helpful tool.

I have increasingly realized that nature gives us the signal for the problems and solutions. Engineering lies within the nature. For example, Morning glories and Ipomoea, are one of the most commonly grown flowers that open in the sunlight. These plants open their petals and close them like an origami paper work.

I would like to thank my mother Günay Benar and my father Nihat Benar to raise me in the way that I like to search, to learn new things, to share my views and to be patient with the science.

I would like to thank my husband, Ahmet Balcioglu, for his motivational support through my academic works and hobbies.

References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_J._Lang

https://www.lead-innovation.com/english-blog/origami-engineering-on-the-advance

https://www.nasa.gov/

Data from

NASA Stem, Chandra X-ray Observatory, NASA Citizenscience, Planetary Society, Micro Observatory Robotic Telescope Network Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian

Tools

Paper, Scissor, Pencil, Ruler, Stick, Cardboard, Coffee Cup, Knife, Glue, Plastic Bags, Quilling Pen

Art works

Origami

Kirigami

Quilling

Painting

Designing

Youtube channels

NASA instructional videos

Programs

https://mo-www.cfa.harvard.edu/OWN/astrophoto/

Paint 3D

Adobe Photoshop

Word

Power-point

Drive -Google documents

References

Courtois, H. M.; Pomarède, D.; Tully, R. B.; et al. (2013). "Cosmography of the Local Universe". The Astronomical Journal. 146 (3): 69. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/146/3/69.

Hatori K. (2010). "History of Origami". K's Origami. Retrieved 1 January 2010

https://chandra.si.edu/origami/

https://en.wikipedia.org/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_origami

https://mo-www.cfa.harvard.edu/OWN/astrophoto/

https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/galaxies-age/en/

https://www.google.com/

https://www.homeyhawaii.com/blog/culture/official-colors-and-flowers-of-hawaiian-islands/

https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/model/jwstPaperModelBasic.pdf

https://www.stem.org.uk/resources/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A4IAgdBvKUI

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rx2XVU85Njs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ueEKAUk-8M

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WtM6jA0TYoc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4P8fKd0IVOs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCTtpImMwmg

Lang, R. J. (1988). The Complete Book of Origami: Step-by Step Instructions in Over 1000 Diagrams/48 Original Models. Courier Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-25837-8

Robinson N. (2004).The Origami Bible, p. 10

Wang-Iverson, P. (2011). Origami 5: Fifth International Meeting of Origami Science, Mathematics, and Education. A K Peters/CRC Press. ISBN 9781568817149

#art work, #engineering ideas, #artificial intelligent, #NASA data set , #NASA programs, #Mathematics

This project has been submitted for consideration during the Judging process.