TUCUMÃ

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wdKuLY5HzRUbA6LCq5arH-uoQ39lxuHu/view?usp=sharing

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1RuRrZNZac3PRf6A0LaVstp7GRxDJQSaf/view?usp=sharing

Radar is an active sensor, that is, it emits its own radiation without depending on an external source and that can be airborne or in orbit. Its main objective is to generate images, a process called imaging, with information on a specific object, such as land, plantations and forests. Among different advantages, the process of generating radar images is not affected by adverse atmospheric conditions such as clouds and fog. Furthermore, radar images can be complementary to optical images, thus increasing the information obtained from targets such as terrain and surfaces. Normally, radars for monitoring and studying the Earth's surface are synthetic aperture “Synthetic Aperture Radar – SAR”. The SAR consists of a radar, with the characteristics of a conventional radar, with a lateral sight, that is, the reading of the target is made laterally by the antenna. The radar antenna illuminates a region on Earth and as it moves, a different part is illuminated. It is from the antenna that the synthetic aperture radar differential comes. To obtain high resolution images, a very large antenna is required, which is impracticable for a structure that is in orbit or airborne. However, the SAR electronically simulates the antenna or extremely large aperture that would be required through the platform's movement or flight path. As the direction of the beam that captures the target changes along the trajectory of the radar platform, a synthetic aperture simulates the elongation of the antenna. For example, if a ship is our target first it enters the first radar beam and starts to be registered with radiation pulses, as the platform advances in its trajectory the echoes of these pulses continue to be registered from the target for each different pulse. When the target leaves the radar beam, the size of the antenna that was simulated and worked synthetically to capture this image will be determined. To extract information from the SAR system, the radar sensor illuminates the scene, receives the echo signal and generates the raw video, the processor concentrates the image exploring the characteristics of the sequences of received echo signals and filters the noise, detects targets, edges and classifies the parts that make up the scene. Currently, dozens of image generator satellites are active, such as ALOS and ALOS 2 Palsar and Sentinel 1 A and 1 B. Some of this data is openly available, enabling different applications, from forest fire monitoring, flood mapping and understanding of earthquakes. Specifically in Brazil, one of the demands for the use of SAR images is the licensing and monitoring processes of projects that generate impacts. These processes are determined by the Environmental Impact Study (EIA) and the Environmental Impact Report (RIMA), requirements of the country's regulatory bodies. Among other things, in the construction of these documents, the area of ​​influence of the enterprise must be characterized by: maps, communication routes, location of water bodies, land use and occupation and topography. This characterization can employ, in addition to field work, the use of remote sensing systems such as optical imaging systems and SAR radar systems. Understanding the importance and the numerous applicability of these images to integrate problem solving and decision-making is a fundamental point for the community to know and recognize the tool in their daily lives and move from the academic to the popular sphere. Therefore, the objective of this project is to promote the popularization of the synthetic aperture radar technique and its applicability, using simple language and visual resources. The use of a scientific communication video will make it possible to popularize the understanding and importance of the numerous applicability of SAR images in problem solving and decision-making, so that the community can get to know and recognize the tool on a daily basis. 

The challenge chosen by our team did not address the use of data, but information about the SAR technique (https://earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/backgrounders/what-is-sar) and radars currently in orbit (e.g. Sentinel - https://sentinels.copernicus.eu/web/sentinel/home).

Initially, we were surprised by the opportunity for a global event to arrive in our city. The choice of challenge took into account the profile of the participants and the tools we had at the time. We use popular communication to resolution the challenge. Many setbacks appeared and we used teamwork to solve them. We thank the local leaders and the Municipal Robotics Laboratory of Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil

Fernandes, D, Fernandes, M. T.C. 1998. Imagens de Radar de Abertura Sintética como instrumento de auxílio na avaliação do impacto ambiental. Anais IX Simpósio Brasileiro de Sensoriamento Remoto, Santos, Brasil, 11-18 setembro 1998, INPE, p. 733-744.

Sentinel On line. 2021. The European Space Agency. Available in: https://sentinels.copernicus.eu/web/sentinel/home. Accessed: October/2021

EarthData. 2021. What is Synthetic Aperture Radar? Kelsey Herndon, Franz Meyer, Africa Flores, Emil Cherrington, and Leah Kucera in collaboration with the Earth Science Data Systems. Available in: https://earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/backgrounders/what-is-sar. Accessed: October/2021

#SYNTHETICAPERTURERADAR #SAR #cientificpopularization

This project has been submitted for consideration during the Judging process.